Internship | The behaviour of CO2 in control valves for carbon sequestration
4 weken geleden
About this position
To reduce carbon emissions to the atmosphere there are many plans to capture and store CO2 in the subsurface within the next few years. The transport from capture plant to the subsurface occurs through a system of pipelines and wells. To control this system, valves are of crucial importance. The goal of this project is to determine the flow behaviour of CO2 in a valve, both to better predict the phase distribution and temperatures downstream of the valve and to predict where inside the valve wear and tear may occur.
What will be your role?
To reduce carbon emissions to the atmosphere there are many plans to capture and store CO2 in the subsurface within the next few years. The transport from capture plant to the subsurface occurs through a system of pipelines and wells. In the Netherlands, storage occurs in depleted natural gas reservoirs at a depth of about 3 kilometers, which are currently at low pressure. The transport lines are operated at pressures above 80 bar to keep the CO2 in the higher density liquid phase. As a result, control valves are required to make sure the CO2 flows into the reservoirs at the required flow rates while keeping the pipeline at pressure.
CO2 differs from other fluids that are often transported in pipelines, such as water and oil and natural gas in two important ways: the phase boundary between liquid and gas is located at pressures and temperatures encountered in injection wells and the surface tension between liquid and gaseous CO2 is very low. When the pressure and temperature change over a control valve, this causes fast evaporation of CO2 inside the valve. This is known as flashing. Flashing is required in many CO2 injection systems, as the presence of gas in the injection well reduces the hydrostatic pressure in the well allowing controlled injection into the low pressure reservoirs. Accurately predicting the phase distribution downstream of the valve is therefore important to predict flow control. Furthermore, the flashing behaviour inside the valve often leads to wear and tear. Understanding where flashing occurs can therefore help in valve design.
The goal of this project is to determine the flow behaviour of CO2 in a valve, both to better predict the phase distribution and temperatures downstream of the valve and to predict where inside the valve wear and tear may occur. This end CFD simulations of CO2 flow through a valve are performed, taking into account the phase transition in the valve. In a previous MSc internship a start was made with these simulations and 1D simulations were successfully executed. In these simulations it was possible to determine the temperature inside and downstream of the valve. In this project these simulations should be extended to 2D and 3D, such that the exact geometry of the valve can be taken into account. The results of the simulations should be compared to existing valve models. Furthermore, the simulation results can later be compared to the results of CO2 experiments.
What we expect from you
We are looking for a student who is enthusiastic, critical and a team-player. We expect you to work hard and independently on your own project, but ask for help if needed. Knowledge on fluid mechanics and experience with experimentation is highly preferred.
Duration: 8/9 months, graduation.
What you'll get in return
You want to work on the precursor of your career; a work placement gives you an opportunity to take a good look at your prospective future employer. TNO goes a step further. It’s not just looking that interests us; you and your knowledge are essential to our innovation. That’s why we attach a great deal of value to your personal and professional development. You will, of course, be properly supervised during your work placement and be given the scope for you to get the best out of yourself. Furthermore, we provide:
A highly professional, innovative working environment, with top experts as colleagues. A suitable internship allowance ( euro for wo- and hbo-students, euro for mbo-students, for a full-time internship). Eight hours of leave per internship month (for a full-time internship). A free membership of , where you can meet TNO-colleagues and join , such as sports activities, (work-related) courses or the yearly ski-trip. Use of a laptop. An allowance for travel expenses in case you don’t receive an OV-card.-
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