Phd Candidate

3 weken geleden

Leiden, Nederland Universiteit Leiden Voltijd

Vacaturenr.

15379

Functie-categorie

PhD-posities

Omvang (fte)

1,0

Extern/intern

Extern

Locatie

Leiden

Geplaatst op

24 december 2024

Sluitingsdatum

31 januari 2025

Leiden University, Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL) and Leiden University Centre for Digital Humanities (LUCDH), is looking for a

**“Metaphor in Machine Translation: Professional Users’ Perspectives”, subproject of the NWO Vidi project “Metaphor in Machine Translation: Reactions, Responses, Repercussions [MTM]”.**

**Metaphor in Machine Translation [MTM] project**
One defining characteristic of human communication that remains problematic for Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing is metaphors. Metaphors are pervasive in all forms of language use, from newspapers announcing ‘waves’ of migrants and ‘soaring’ prices to casual conversations in which we say we feel ‘down’ or ‘stuck’. They are notoriously hard to translate, even for humans, because of their linguistic and cultural embeddedness. And we do not currently know what happens to their forms, functions and effects when they are translated by machines lacking in world knowledge and cultural sensitivity. Yet people increasingly rely on machine translation websites and apps like Google Translate and SayHi for all kinds of written and spoken discourse, from tourists translating a menu or talking to the hotel receptionist to large multinationals and NGOs incorporating the technology into their standard workflow. While research shows considerable improvements in the quality of machine translation for many language combinations and text types, there is a growing concern that most machine-translated content is no longer checked or corrected by human beings. Even the best systems make mistakes and we do not know which errors lead to critical misunderstandings. The current project therefore undertakes the first comprehensive study of how machine translation may be reshaping our metaphors.

Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the team will investigate (i) how metaphors are machine-translated by state-of-the-art systems in both literature and journalism, where metaphors are often used creatively and persuasively to change our minds; (ii) how literary translators and journalists react and respond to such machine-translated metaphors when revising translations for professional use; and (iii) how machine-translated metaphors affect readers’ understanding and appreciation of literary and journalistic texts. In short, the project seeks to answer the question: Which metaphors are problematic in machine translation, when, why, and for whom?

**PhD project**:_Professional Users’ Perspectives on Metaphor in Machine Translation _**

**Omvang (fte)**
1.0 fte

**Key responsibilities**
- Completing a PhD thesis (in English, article-based) within four years under the supervision of Dr. Dorst;
- Publishing co-authored articles in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings together with the research team;
- Presenting at least 3 papers at conferences, both in the Netherlands and internationally;
- Contributing to the organization of the events and outreach activities within the project;
- Conducting both product-based and process-based research on professional users’ (literary translators and journalists) reactions and responses to metaphor in machine translation and the repercussions for professional practice;
- Collaborating with the PI on the “Machine Perspective” work package, by evaluating the quality of the machine translation output, analysing translation procedures in the machine translation output, and designing and testing different prompts for machine translation using LLMs;
- Participating in the project research team, the Translation Lab, and the Digital Humanities Lab;
- Participating in the training programme of the LUCL Institute, the Leiden Graduate School of Humanities, and other relevant masterclasses, summer schools, seminars, workshops, and events;
- Participating in the PhD community and the intellectual life of the Institute;
- Subject to progress and demand, some teaching in the second and third years of the appointment.

**Your profile**
- You hold a ResMA/MRes or MA in Linguistics, Computational Linguistics, Translation or Machine Translation, awarded by time of appointment, and an average grade of at least 8.0 on a ten-point scale (or equivalent);
- You have well-developed research skills, including the ability to formulate creative research questions, descriptive and analytical skills, and a clear and persuasive style of writing;
- You have a personal affinity for Metaphor Studies and/or Machine Translation;
- You have experience with or are willing to learn about (i.e. take courses on) metaphor studies, translation studies, linguistic analysis, corpus linguistics, and/or reception studies.
- You have experience with or are willing to learn about (i.e. take courses on) computational linguist

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